Protein kinase cascade
Signaling
systems need to be responsive to small concentrations of signaling
molecules (ligand), and yet may need to cause a rapid cellular response.
The figure shows a liver receptor system that binds the hormone epinephrine causing a quick release of glucose into our blood.
Epinephrine is released when we are scared (fight or flight response), and binds to its receptor in hepatocytes. A G-protein that stimulates adenyl cyclase is released. The figure shows how the signal response is activated multiple times by each step in the cascade.
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